Now What –
What should be on the state/local and Federal level
“E Pluribus Unum” – From Many One
America Fought Revolutionary was because of England Controlling Their trade and The Brtish Making Taxes
During the war most colonies/states write their own constitutions
Citizens of the colonies want rights spelled out
Forms of Government
Pennsylvania has no governor they have a ruling council of five guys
Virginia has a Bill of Rights-If you are citizen of virginia these r ur rights: only colony with bill of rights
Articles of confederation is a firm freindship
Each colony needed to vote for a law and 9 out of 13 needed to agree
Congress had to ask for money
congress cannot force a colony to pay for the congress
Articles Congress=Power
Becidict arnold
Appoint Officers
Coin money
Articles of Cenfederation
No court
First Ammerican GOvvernment failed because of trade and taxation
You can print you r own money
Spain Violates the treaty articles of confederation
Federal Government (Continental Congress)
During the war in 1777 The Articles of Confederation “the friendship of the United States of America”
each state had one vote
could pass laws but need to be a vote 9 of 13 to ratify
unanimous vote needed to alter Articles
could not regulate trade
no power to pass tax laws
Congress had to ask for money ,could not be forced to give
Articles Congress = Power for congress
could declare war, appoint officers(military), coin money
1781 Articles of Confederation finally approved
Counter Revolution
1783 – 1787 Confederation Congress runs into trouble
Money, Trade, New territory
1785 “Land Ordinance of 1785”
divides new territories into townships and sections
1787 Northwest Ordinance
insured Basic Rights
Set up Government
Make three Territories
Outlawed in these territories
Counter revolution -triggered by money and trade
After the war demand for food dropped
food supply is up because of new farmers and
supply goes up, demand goes down
States not making money on sales tax and put a new tax on land
“SHAYS REBELLION”
Shay and 2000 shut down courts that threaten to foreclose their houses
Shay and his forces march on the arsenal
turned back by state militia
no state allowed to send militias allowed to send troops into different state
other problem is that they may not control trade and get into trade wars
no court to negotiate settlement
delaware tax on trade unnoposed
Allow GW to make settlement
George sayz virginia is right to tax not massechusettes
They announce that GW should solve all trade issues from now on
James madison smallest president EVAR
madison is married to dolly madison and startels__**erryone**__ after__**anapo.is**__meeting madison locks himself in the attic and studies
philly convention in legal convention turns into
74 delagaets in all
only 8 sign declaration and 16 refuise 54 other
they cant fix the articles without all 13 colonies and rhode island never comes so they can never change the articles
60% are the wealthiest make the government
Virginia plan James madison
Virginia plan is good (Big states plan)
Bi cameral( 2 house)(Upper house and lower house )
Exec Branch
Government can tax, enforce and restrain
but cannot enforce public to give money
Planned growth, 5000 adult males gets a non-voting representative in Congress
60,000 free settlers territory could apply for statehood Daniel Shay begins what is known as Shay’s Rebellion(August 1786 – January 1787) Virginia and Maryland argue over who controls the Potomac
Virginia invites all states to a meeting about trade in Annapolis Maryland (Sept 1786)
Call for a meeting in Philadelphia for May 1787 GW
Philadelphia Convention turns into Constitutional Convention Articles can not be saved George Washington representative from Virginia is elected President of the convention “Virginia Plan” – Big States Plan (Edmund Randolph)
FIRST GOVERNMENT PUT IN BY THE CONSTITUTION
Strong national government (3 branches)
Legislative branch passes laws congress and senate
both houses to be decided by state population
Executive branch enforce laws PRESIDENT ALLOWED TO ENFORCE
Judicial branch courts
Small states complain they will be outvoted because of population
CHANGES FROM OLD ARTICES OF CONFEDERATION
1. Government can operate directly under the people
2.Governmenr recieved its authority from its people
3. government is its own power and can impose restrictions on the states
“New Jersey Plan” – Small States Plan (William Patterson)
Legisltaive branch as same as the Articles of Confederation
every state would have the same amount of votes no matter how the size of the population Same as the Virginia Plan
but calls for one legislative house
every state would have one vote no matter what the size of population
Large states object they will not be fairly represented Sherman’s Compromise “The Great Compromise”
Comprimising of both plans
Sherman compares votes and changes votes from on per state to 2
originally you would select some people and they would vote among themselves and select a senator
really important to the slave states get to count slaves
south will not sign anthing about slavery
south will not admit that slaves are people
agreed on that for every 5 slaves you get 3 votes
not allowed to pass a law about a slaves for a nother 20 years
constitution is signed on sept 17 1787
Replubic we the people- vote for who rules
Sherman a representative from Connecticut
plan calls for a 2 house system
Lower house elected by all men according to population
Upper house 2 representative per state
elected by the State Legislature from the State Legislature Next fight over slavery
3/5’s Compromise September 17, 1787 Constitution signed and approved by the convention Republic– We the People – vote for who rules
Ideas borrowed from
Consitution-only need 9 out of 13 votes to pass a law now
Iroquois League
Albany Plan of Union
Magna Carta – limits power
1689 Bill of Rights – people know what they get
John Locke people have rights, and government needs to have the approval of the ruled
Montesquieu power of the government must be divided among 3 equal branches
1. Legislative
2. Executive
3. Judicial
Separation of Powers = Rule of Law cant go in and start writing laws
All three must be clearly defined and cant do other’s work Legislative Branch – Makes laws
Bi-Cameral two houses
House of Representatives
Senate
Congress’ power
collect taxes, regulate foreign and inter state trade , foreign affairs, declare war, raise and support armies, control courts Representatives are elected for 2 years Senators are elected for 6 years
must be 30 years old
you must be 25
citezens for9 years Executive Branch – enforce laws
President’s job is to check congress’ power
branch also includes Vice President and any advisors appointed by the President
President elected to a 4yr. Term
Commander in Chief
Must figure out how to enforce laws
Presidents job: foreign relations, commander in chief, enforce and carry out laws passed by congress Judicial Branch – Supreme Court Courts job is to hear cases on laws and settle conflicts between states
Appointed for life
Appointed by Prez Electoral College – protect congress from the president
These men will be educated and know all the candidates
Each state gets one elector for each senator and representative the state has
The college meets once every 4 years Checks and Balances – another way to limit government
Congress suggest laws and develops Bills
president signs Bills into laws, but he can also Veto or just no sign them and let them die
Congress can override a president’s veto by a 2/3 majority vote of both houses
President can appoint officials and make treaties
senate has approval authority
House of Representatives can impeach or remove a president for high crimes or misdemeanors
must have 2/3 of all senate and house of reps to override the prezez veto
congres can remove justices for high crime and misdemeanors or bribes and
4 supreme court justices ever removed
Supreme Court watches over all
Jefferson threatened to cut the court’s budget
new Hampshire is the 9th state to approve the ratification of the constitution
GW served two presidential terms
John adams vice prez
Congress has 59
senate has 22 people
New york City is the first capital
3 states only passed the constitution
President appoints them and the Senate approves the justices
Congress also has the ability to remove Justices
June 1788 New Hampshire is the 9th state to ratify Constitution
Under The Articles of Confederation, the Constitution becomes law First election January 1789
George Washington becomes President (1st 1789 – 1797)
John Adams becomes Vice president
Congress has 59 Representatives
Senate has 22 Senators
New York City becomes the first capitol First work of the new government amend/change the Constitution
add a bill of rights To amend the Constitution is hard
must be proposed, 2/3 of both houses must vote yes
or 2/3 of states at special conventions must request
¾ of states must ratify amendment
Only 27 amendments in over 217 yrs
The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments, finished by December 1791
1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly
No establishment clause – no official church – separation of church and state
2. 2, 3, 4. Protect rights that Britain violated during war
self defense, bear arms, national guard – state militia
3. 5, 6, 7, 8. Rights of people accused of crimes
double jeopardy, life liberty and property, cannot be forced to witness against self
speedy trial, know charge
right to lawyer, right to jury trial
cruel and unusual punishment
4. 9, 10. Limit government’s power
people have more rights than those listed
anything/power not listed belong to the states New Government
George Washington takes the oath of office as first President April 30, 1789
First President set example for all the rest to follow
Washington sets up first cabinet 5 departments
State (Thomas Jefferson), War (Henry Knox), Treasury (Alexander Hamilton), Attorney general (E Randolph), Postmaster (S Osgood)
1789 Judiciary Act - defines Supreme Court
1 Chief Justice
5 Associate Justices Challenges for New Government Alexander Hamilton and the debt
issues bonds to repay revolutionary war debt Federal government to buy all debt and repay
make the Federal government stronger
Most Southern states have already repaid their debt
works out a compromise
if the South helps pay back debt
capitol will move to the south
Moves to the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia 1789 French Revolution more violent
Americans feel we owe the French
Washington issues The Neutrality Proclamation
Neutrality Proclamation very unpopular with a war there is easy money to be made through trade
France and Britain seize neutral American ship and sailors
250 American ships in 1793 alone
Jefferson wants war with Britain, and to support France
Hamilton wants to support Britain and war with France Jay’s Treaty Britain agrees to pay for ships taken
no promise to stop taking ships
no word about the sailors
no promise to stop supporting the Northwest Territory Indians through trade
Britain again agrees to withdraw from the Northwest territory
America promises to pay British merchants for losses and debt from the war
Angers French they feel America violates treaty from Revolutionary War Quasi-War 1789 -1801 Undeclared naval war between France and America
American Navy’s first test Convention of 1800 – peace treaty
France agrees America is not bound to old Treaty
War caused more taxes and Alien and Sedition Acts to be passed War in the Northwest American settlers in the Northwest take Indian land
Indians attack settlers and drive them back Country's worst military defeat ever, it left the United States with a total army of 300
August 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers Anthony Wayne leads an expedition against the Indians Indians surrender and sign a treaty Treaty of Greenville Indians receive $20,000 , give away all claims to Ohio
Wayne captures
British made weapons, British Canadian citizens, *Britain is still in the Northwest Territory
1791 National Bank (Hamilton)
Federal government can make loans to states (control the flow of money)
Hamilton also wants tariffs 1791 Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Tax tax on all liquor made in America
Farmers far from markets have always turned their extra grain into whiskey
Farmers refuse to pay
Farmers begin to rebel
Washington calls up militia farmers scatter
Spain worries about an American British alliance (Jay’s Treaty)
Spain signs The Pinckney Treaty of 1795
gives free navigation of the Mississippi River
and all of Georgia to America
1796 Washington retires
Gives farewell address he warns against
political parties and alliances
Preserve Peace by being ready for war
Sets a precedent of two terms in office, also the vote is to elect not approve
I will update every history class
Now What –
What should be on the state/local and Federal level
“E Pluribus Unum” – From Many One
America Fought Revolutionary was because of England Controlling Their trade and The Brtish Making Taxes
During the war most colonies/states write their own constitutions
Citizens of the colonies want rights spelled out
Forms of Government
Pennsylvania has no governor they have a ruling council of five guys
Virginia has a Bill of Rights-If you are citizen of virginia these r ur rights: only colony with bill of rights
Articles of confederation is a firm freindship
Each colony needed to vote for a law and 9 out of 13 needed to agree
Congress had to ask for money
congress cannot force a colony to pay for the congress
Articles Congress=Power
Becidict arnold
Appoint Officers
Coin money
Articles of Cenfederation
No court
First Ammerican GOvvernment failed because of trade and taxation
You can print you r own money
Spain Violates the treaty articles of confederation
Federal Government (Continental Congress)
During the war in 1777 The Articles of Confederation
“the friendship of the United States of America”
each state had one vote
could pass laws but need to be a vote 9 of 13 to ratify
unanimous vote needed to alter Articles
could not regulate trade
no power to pass tax laws
Congress had to ask for money ,could not be forced to give
Articles Congress = Power for congress
could declare war, appoint officers(military), coin money
1781 Articles of Confederation finally approved
Counter Revolution
1783 – 1787 Confederation Congress runs into trouble
Money, Trade, New territory
1785 “Land Ordinance of 1785”
divides new territories into townships and sections
1787 Northwest Ordinance
insured Basic Rights
Set up Government
Make three Territories
Outlawed in these territories
Counter revolution -triggered by money and trade
After the war demand for food dropped
food supply is up because of new farmers and
supply goes up, demand goes down
States not making money on sales tax and put a new tax on land
“SHAYS REBELLION”
Shay and 2000 shut down courts that threaten to foreclose their houses
Shay and his forces march on the arsenal
turned back by state militia
no state allowed to send militias allowed to send troops into different state
other problem is that they may not control trade and get into trade wars
no court to negotiate settlement
delaware tax on trade unnoposed
Allow GW to make settlement
George sayz virginia is right to tax not massechusettes
They announce that GW should solve all trade issues from now on
James madison smallest president EVAR
madison is married to dolly madison and startels __**erryone**__
after __**anapo.is**__ meeting madison locks himself in the attic and studies
philly convention in legal convention turns into
74 delagaets in all
only 8 sign declaration and 16 refuise 54 other
they cant fix the articles without all 13 colonies and rhode island never comes so they can never change the articles
60% are the wealthiest make the government
Virginia plan James madison
Virginia plan is good (Big states plan)
Planned growth, 5000 adult males gets a non-voting representative in Congress
60,000 free settlers territory could apply for statehood
Daniel Shay begins what is known as Shay’s Rebellion (August 1786 – January 1787)
Virginia and Maryland argue over who controls the Potomac
Virginia invites all states to a meeting about trade in Annapolis Maryland (Sept 1786)
Call for a meeting in Philadelphia for May 1787 GW
Philadelphia Convention turns into Constitutional Convention
Articles can not be saved
George Washington representative from Virginia is elected President of the convention
“Virginia Plan” – Big States Plan (Edmund Randolph)
FIRST GOVERNMENT PUT IN BY THE CONSTITUTION
Strong national government (3 branches)
Legislative branch passes laws congress and senate
both houses to be decided by state population
Executive branch enforce laws PRESIDENT ALLOWED TO ENFORCE
Judicial branch courts
Small states complain they will be outvoted because of population
CHANGES FROM OLD ARTICES OF CONFEDERATION
1. Government can operate directly under the people
2.Governmenr recieved its authority from its people
3. government is its own power and can impose restrictions on the states
“New Jersey Plan” – Small States Plan (William Patterson)
Legisltaive branch as same as the Articles of Confederation
every state would have the same amount of votes no matter how the size of the population
Same as the Virginia Plan
but calls for one legislative house
every state would have one vote no matter what the size of population
Large states object they will not be fairly represented
Sherman’s Compromise “The Great Compromise”
Comprimising of both plans
Sherman compares votes and changes votes from on per state to 2
originally you would select some people and they would vote among themselves and select a senator
really important to the slave states get to count slaves
south will not sign anthing about slavery
south will not admit that slaves are people
agreed on that for every 5 slaves you get 3 votes
not allowed to pass a law about a slaves for a nother 20 years
constitution is signed on sept 17 1787
Replubic we the people- vote for who rules
Sherman a representative from Connecticut
plan calls for a 2 house system
Lower house elected by all men according to population
Upper house 2 representative per state
elected by the State Legislature from the State Legislature
Next fight over slavery
3/5’s Compromise
September 17, 1787 Constitution signed and approved by the convention
Republic – We the People – vote for who rules
Ideas borrowed from
Consitution-only need 9 out of 13 votes to pass a law now
Iroquois League
Albany Plan of Union
Magna Carta – limits power
1689 Bill of Rights – people know what they get
John Locke people have rights, and government needs to have the approval of the ruled
Montesquieu power of the government must be divided among 3 equal branches
1. Legislative
2. Executive
3. Judicial
Separation of Powers = Rule of Law cant go in and start writing laws
All three must be clearly defined and cant do other’s work
Legislative Branch – Makes laws
Bi-Cameral two houses
House of Representatives
Senate
Congress’ power
collect taxes, regulate foreign and inter state trade , foreign affairs, declare war, raise and support armies, control courts
Representatives are elected for 2 years
Senators are elected for 6 years
must be 30 years old
you must be 25
citezens for9 years
Executive Branch – enforce laws
President’s job is to check congress’ power
branch also includes Vice President and any advisors appointed by the President
President elected to a 4yr. Term
Commander in Chief
Must figure out how to enforce laws
Presidents job: foreign relations, commander in chief, enforce and carry out laws passed by congress
Judicial Branch – Supreme Court
Courts job is to hear cases on laws and settle conflicts between states
Appointed for life
Appointed by Prez
Electoral College – protect congress from the president
These men will be educated and know all the candidates
Each state gets one elector for each senator and representative the state has
The college meets once every 4 years
Checks and Balances – another way to limit government
Congress suggest laws and develops Bills
president signs Bills into laws, but he can also Veto or just no sign them and let them die
Congress can override a president’s veto by a 2/3 majority vote of both houses
President can appoint officials and make treaties
senate has approval authority
House of Representatives can impeach or remove a president for high crimes or misdemeanors
must have 2/3 of all senate and house of reps to override the prezez veto
congres can remove justices for high crime and misdemeanors or bribes and
4 supreme court justices ever removed
Supreme Court watches over all
Jefferson threatened to cut the court’s budget
new Hampshire is the 9th state to approve the ratification of the constitution
GW served two presidential terms
John adams vice prez
Congress has 59
senate has 22 people
New york City is the first capital
3 states only passed the constitution
President appoints them and the Senate approves the justices
Congress also has the ability to remove Justices
June 1788 New Hampshire is the 9th state to ratify Constitution
Under The Articles of Confederation, the Constitution becomes law
First election January 1789
George Washington becomes President (1st 1789 – 1797)
John Adams becomes Vice president
Congress has 59 Representatives
Senate has 22 Senators
New York City becomes the first capitol
First work of the new government
amend/change the Constitution
add a bill of rights
To amend the Constitution is hard
must be proposed, 2/3 of both houses must vote yes
or 2/3 of states at special conventions must request
¾ of states must ratify amendment
Only 27 amendments in over 217 yrs
The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments, finished by December 1791
1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly
No establishment clause – no official church – separation of church and state
2. 2, 3, 4. Protect rights that Britain violated during war
self defense, bear arms, national guard – state militia
3. 5, 6, 7, 8. Rights of people accused of crimes
double jeopardy, life liberty and property, cannot be forced to witness against self
speedy trial, know charge
right to lawyer, right to jury trial
cruel and unusual punishment
4. 9, 10. Limit government’s power
people have more rights than those listed
anything/power not listed belong to the states
New Government
George Washington takes the oath of office as first President April 30, 1789
First President set example for all the rest to follow
Washington sets up first cabinet 5 departments
State (Thomas Jefferson), War (Henry Knox), Treasury (Alexander Hamilton), Attorney general (E Randolph), Postmaster (S Osgood)
1789 Judiciary Act - defines Supreme Court
1 Chief Justice
5 Associate Justices
Challenges for New Government
Alexander Hamilton and the debt
issues bonds to repay revolutionary war debt
Federal government to buy all debt and repay
make the Federal government stronger
Most Southern states have already repaid their debt
works out a compromise
if the South helps pay back debt
capitol will move to the south
Moves to the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia
1789 French Revolution
more violent
Americans feel we owe the French
Washington issues The Neutrality Proclamation
Neutrality Proclamation
very unpopular with a war there is easy money to be made through trade
France and Britain seize neutral American ship and sailors
250 American ships in 1793 alone
Jefferson wants war with Britain, and to support France
Hamilton wants to support Britain and war with France
Jay’s Treaty
Britain agrees to pay for ships taken
no promise to stop taking ships
no word about the sailors
no promise to stop supporting the Northwest Territory Indians through trade
Britain again agrees to withdraw from the Northwest territory
America promises to pay British merchants for losses and debt from the war
Angers French they feel America violates treaty from Revolutionary War
Quasi-War 1789 -1801
Undeclared naval war between France and America
American Navy’s first test
Convention of 1800 – peace treaty
France agrees America is not bound to old Treaty
War caused more taxes and Alien and Sedition Acts to be passed
War in the Northwest
American settlers in the Northwest take Indian land
Indians attack settlers and drive them back
Country's worst military defeat ever, it left the United States with a total army of 300
August 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers
Anthony Wayne leads an expedition against the Indians
Indians surrender and sign a treaty
Treaty of Greenville
Indians receive $20,000 , give away all claims to Ohio
Wayne captures
British made weapons, British Canadian citizens, *Britain is still in the Northwest Territory
1791 National Bank (Hamilton)
Federal government can make loans to states (control the flow of money)
Hamilton also wants tariffs
1791 Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Tax
tax on all liquor made in America
Farmers far from markets have always turned their extra grain into whiskey
Farmers refuse to pay
Farmers begin to rebel
Washington calls up militia farmers scatter
Spain worries about an American British alliance (Jay’s Treaty)
Spain signs The Pinckney Treaty of 1795
gives free navigation of the Mississippi River
and all of Georgia to America
1796 Washington retires
Gives farewell address he warns against
political parties and alliances
Preserve Peace by being ready for war
Sets a precedent of two terms in office, also the vote is to elect not approve